Volutes : 

                   Volutes are designed to capture the velocity of liquid as it enters the outermost diameter of an impeller and convert the velocity of the liquid into pressure.

The Key Performance Parameters of A Centrifugal Pump

1. 1. Head

The concept of head is used for Newtonian fluids or true fluids such as water and petrol like non-viscous liquids. Hence, the term head is basically the measurement of kinetic energy created by the pump. It measures the height of a liquid column which the pump creates. Head measures energy of the centrifugal pump . The end users can describe the performance of a pump on any Newtonian fluid, be it as heavy as sulphuric acid or as light as gasoline, by using head. Here, head relates to the velocity gained by the liquid while moving through the pump.

1. 1. Friction Head (hf):

In the pipe and fittings the head required to deal with the resistance to flow is known as friction head. Friction head depends on the following factors:

1. 1. 1. size of pipe
      2. condition of pipe
      3. type of pipe
      4. the number of pipe fittings
      5. type of fittings
      6. flow rate
      7. nature of the liquid
   2. Velocity Head (hv):

The energy created in a liquid due to its motion at some velocity say V is called velocity head. This factor is usually insignificant and is mostly ignored in high-head systems. However, in low-head systems, it can be a large factor and must be considered.

                   3. Pressure Head:

This factor is considered when a pumping system begins from or empties into a storage tank that is under some pressure. Here atmospheric pressure is not taken into consideration. The pressure in converted to feet of liquid.

                       When we combine different types of head, it sums up to the total system head at a particular rate of flow